There is also Color Sphere! TileMill and Mapbox Studio 2. Now, let's style the background and coast, which is the coastlines shapefiles layer imported earlier.
In order for TileMill to update the map, you will have to save, so ensure that you do this by clicking on the Save button on the upper right-hand side of TileMill:. At this point, we should be able to see the styled coastline. If nothing is visible, open Layers and click on the magnifier icon next to the coast. It will zoom to the region that the coastline is in. In this case, TileMill will highlight the line number in yellow and display an error message at the bottom of the screen.
Ensure that you fix all the errors and save again:. The next time we open the project, TileMill will not zoom automatically to the region we are working with. It's a good time to do it now as we have styled the basic coastline. Click on the Wrench icon in the upper right-hand side of the screen to go to Project Settings. You will probably see a blank dark blue map. Our region is there, but we are currently at zoom level 1, and the whole world is visible.
Using the zoom plus and minus buttons and dragging around the map, try to find the region that you are working with. When you zoom in to the region, shift and drag to enclose it in a rectangle. This rectangle will define the area that we are working with and the one that TileMill will eventually export the tiles of. Click on the center of the region, and a marker will appear.
This is the center of our project. Back in the editor, let's style the roads. To style the buildings, we will fill them with the color that we defined in the variable and set the opacity to 0. This will mix the color of the buildings with the layer behindin this case, the coastline. Run the following code: sf-polygons[building! In case you forget what features a layer contains, you can go to the Layers palette and click on the icon that looks like a spreadsheet next to the layer's name. TileMill displays a table with all the features of a layer and the values that they contain:.
If you try to zoom out now, you will notice that the streets are very dense with a lot of detail at lower zoom levels. We will fix this next.
Reduce the opacity of all roads to 0. Remember that styles at the bottom overwrite the ones above them. So, even if we set the opacity to 0. The rest will remain at the previous value. Try to zoom in and out now and you will notice the difference. Observe how the opacity of the roads reduces every time you zoom out and how certain features are hidden.
Our map already looks great, but it doesn't have labels yet. A map without road names will not be very popular! At the beginning of our style, directly below the coast styling, we have a section that sets all road colors to street colors. Execute the following code: sf-lines[highway!
Let's add the label style in this selector. Replace CartoCSS in the preceding section with the following code. As we explained in the introduction, we forced TileMill to redraw the elements in the current selector with double colons :: road-label is just a name we defined to remember what this redrawn part does.
We will fetch road names from the [name] column. The rest of CartoCSS just consists of various typography attributes. We will also set text-placement to line, so the labels will be aligned with the lines of the roads: sf-lines[highway! It's available for all major platforms, and the installation is pretty straightforward. Once installed, open the application and prepare for an interface tour! You can start either by selecting a starter style a template , or by creating a new style by selecting a source from the ones provided by Mapbox.
In case you want to overlay or import external data from other sources, you can create a new source by clicking on the Blank Source button on the right-hand side.
Once you have selected a style, you will be transferred to the style editor. The interface is separated into two parts, with the map on the left-hand side and the CartoCSS editor on the right-hand side, just as in TileMill:. Save as: This saves the project. You have to save each new project you create to your local hard drive. Settings: This allows you to configure the project settings, such as the available zoom levels and other parameters.
Layers: This shows all the layers available at the source s that you select when you create the project. Fonts: This opens a window with a preview and the font names of the typefaces available for use in your maps. At the top of the window, there is a toolbar with some buttons. Let's check them out from left to right:. Search: This allows you to search for a specific location on the map.
Try a city or country to quickly jump to that location. It allows you to export images up to ppi. In the New project window, select the sources to be used in the map. Styling a map Perform the following steps: 1.
Create a new project in Mapbox Studio. We will not use a template; we will start from scratch. At the bottom of the New projects screen, you will see a Create button; next to it, ensure that it's mapbox. Remember, we do not import data into Mapbox Studio as we do with TileMill; instead, we will use the standard Mapbox sources provided to us.
We can create our own sources if we want, and we can combine multiple sources together to create more complex maps. For now, we will use just Mapbox Streets, so click on the Create button:. The editor will pop up with some basic imported CartoCSS. The first thing you will notice is that the Save as button in the upper-right corner is highlighted in blue.
This means that the project is unsaved. We won't get far without saving, so let's do it right now. Chapter 3 Click on the Save as button, select a location on your hard drive, name the project as you want, and click on Save.
Zoom in to a region of your choice and clean up all the CartoCSS from the style. You will notice that the map is now blank. Don't worry, there is an awesome way to visualize data in Mapbox Studio. Let's finish with the project setup first before we do this. Head over to Settings and increase Maxzoom to Among the icons arranged on the topmost bar above the map is the Inspector icon. It looks like layers with a magnifier on top. Click on it now. The map now shows the data that the layer contains.
If your zoom range is below 15, the data may be dense, so ensure that you zoom in until you get a clear picture of what's going on. If you click on various lines, you will see that a popup appears, showing you information such as the kind of layer, class, type, and name:. Let's define some colors. Open Layers from the Mapbox Studio sidebar. You will see all the layer IDs available in Mapbox Streets as we are using this source.
Click on a layer ID to see what classes it has; for example, click on road, and you will see that it can be one of motorway, motorway link, main, street, and so on. We will begin by styling water. First of all, set the background-color value, which in this case actually represents the ground color, then style water. Continue inspecting the layers and styling the IDs that you need one-by-one in the same way that we did in TileMill. There's more In the previous section, you learned how you can use and style data provided by Mapbox.
Now, we will continue from there and take a look at how to import our own data into Mapbox Studio. TileMill and Mapbox Studio Perform the following steps: 1. Open Mapbox Studio. We will need to create our own source. On the left-hand side of the New Style or Source window, there is a Source section.
Click on the Blank source button:. Now, we need to add our layers. The data that a layer can contain can be a shapefile; can be in the. We will use a shapefile that contains the national parks in US. It's a ZIP file, so we will need to extract it somewhere on the hard drive. Chapter 3 You will see that the shapefile has been imported correctly. Mapbox Studio now shows us a preview, and we can already zoom and pan.
You can even click on a shape and a popup with the layer attributes will appear:. On the sidebar to the right, note that it correctly detected the projection and showed it in PROJ.
You can rename the layer if you want. Click on the Rename button below the filename at the top of the sidebar to the right. Before uploading our own data to Mapbox, we need to save the project locally. Now that the project is saved, click on Settings and then on Upload to Mapbox. Mapbox Studio will initiate the process to upload the data to your Mapbox account. Copy the Map ID; we will need it in a while. That's all that's needed to create a new data source to be used in Mapbox Studio.
Now, we need to open the map from the previous recipe. If you didn't complete the previous recipe, any of the sample projects will do just fine. Once the project is open, click on Layers and then on Change Source. In the Sources window, before the Apply button is the source that we will use for this map, which is mapbox.
We will need to append our own source, which we just created. The complete string should look similar to the following: mapbox. Click on Apply. Our own custom datasource will be added to the project. You can make sure of this by opening the Layers palette.
This is our own data sourcethe layer that we added earlier. In order to see the layer, we need to style it first. Publishing your base map on your server with PHP So far, we have successfully used the tools provided by Mapbox to style our maps. We have also seen how easy it is to publish a map to the Mapbox platform, especially if we use Mapbox Studio.
There are cases where we may need to host a map on our own server, and we will explore two different ways of doing this. In the first case, we will use PHP. While this is not the best option for this task, PHP can be found installed on every server, and projects using PHP are easy to deploy. How it works First of all, we will export our maps from TileMill.
The format that we will export in will be. Its purpose is to have a single file that contains everything needed to serve a map. In cases such as mobile applications, storing thousands of tiles and metadata information in the app container can be difficult to manage and can be extremely poor in performance. Developing our own tile server is not a hard task, but it is beyond the scope of this book.
Finally, we will set up a simple project and serve the tiles. In Export Options, ensure that the zoom is configured and the center is within the bounds of our map. Exporting a map from TileMill The steps are as follows: 1. Fire up TileMill and open the project you want to export.
In the upper-right corner, you will find an Export combo box. Select it and choose MBTiles. Set up the region that you want to export by defending the bounding box in the map. Also, ensure that the center is a location within the region. TileMill and Mapbox Studio 3. Configure the zoom range to export. You will notice that as you increase the zoom, the time and hard drive space required to export also dramatically increases:.
Click on Export to export your tiles. You will then be transferred to the export queue, and you will be able to monitor the progress and the time remaining:. Once finished, click on the Save button. TileMill will show you the location on your hard disk to find the exported MBTiles. The files have to follow a specific folder structure and a naming schema for us to be able to use them in the tile servers. For the task, we will need an external utility called MBUtil. It's a powerful tool that allows us to specify our own naming scheme and even change the output format.
In this case, the default XYZ naming scheme will do just fine, and the default format is PNG, which is exactly what we need. Let's download MBUtil. A new directory will be created in the location you specified containing the tiles in an XYZ format. It uses a folder for each zoom level, with each column being a subdirectory and each tile in the column a file. The other common format used in maps is TMS.
Creating a tile server PHP project We will download the PHP tile server developed by Petr Pridal, and we will set up a simple project that serves the tiles we exported in the previous recipe.
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